The statement that ‘Every State has a constitution in the sense that certain principles underlie its existence and its Government’ is attributed to Gettell.
The idea that a state without a constitution would not be a state but a regime of anarchy is proposed by Professor Jellineck.
The notion that ‘Every constitution is the product of accumulated material and spiritual circumstances of its times’ is associated with Finer.
The concept that a constitution is the product of all those rules which affect the sovereignty of the state is attributed to Professor Dicey.
The perspective that a constitution is the fundamental law of the state containing the principles on which government is founded is ascribed to Cooley.
The individual who stated that a constitution is the way in which citizens who are components of a state are arranged in relation to one another is Aristotle.
A cumulative constitution is one that results from gradual evolution.
A conventional constitution is one that is specifically enacted.
A written constitution is one in which most of the fundamental principles of the governmental organization are contained in a formal written instrument or instruments deliberately created, according to Gettell.
The distinction between a written and unwritten constitution is one of degree rather than kind, as expressed by Finer.
Unwritten constitution is a characteristic of the UK.
An important merit of a written constitution is that it clearly demarcates functions of the government.
One serious disadvantage of a written constitution is that it results in frequent litigations.
The USA has a very rigid constitution.
The advantage of a rigid constitution is that it guarantees permanence and stability.
One serious disadvantage of a rigid constitution is that it shifts the balance of authority from the legislature to the judiciary.
In Switzerland, a cumulative constitution can be amended with the help of a referendum.
Written constitutions can develop or grow with the help of judicial interpretations.
A good constitution is one that is elaborate and clear.
A characteristic of a good constitution is that it serves as an excellent mirror of national mind.
The oldest constitutional system in the world is associated with the UK.
A constitution that provides for a rigid distribution of power between the center and its constituent units is known as a rigid constitution.
In a perfect federation, the constitution must be rigid.
The difference between a written and unwritten constitution is that it’s a difference of degree and not of kind.
A constitution is considered rigid because it has a difficult procedure for amendment.
A constitutional government is one where there is strict party discipline.
A feature of a constitutional government is that the constitution is supreme.
Constitutional government can be successful in a democracy.
Freedom to exploit the weaker sections is not essential for a constitutional government.
A constitution is an element of the state that regulates and determines the functions of government.
Constitutional government received encouragement during the post-war period.
The most convenient and popular method of amending the constitution is to empower the legislature.
Freedom to approach the courts is not essential for constitutional government.
A rigid constitution can be amended by a special procedure.
The main source of inspiration for establishing constitutional government in France was Rousseau.
The formation of the League of Nations encouraged constitutional government.
A constitution is a document that helps us know about the party system.
In England, the desire for constitutional government was indicated by the Glorious Revolution.
The love of the people of the USA for constitutional government is indicated by the Declaration of Independence.
In the Western world, constitutional government is associated with democracy.
Constitutional government in the Soviet Union is closely linked with ideology.
The first systematic classification of governments was given by: Aristotle.
The earliest known form of government was: Aristocracy.
In a monarchical system of government, power rests with: A hereditary ruler.
Limited monarchy is a system of government in which powers of rulers are: Limited by the constitution.
An unwritten constitution differs from a written constitution as: It is not adopted by a formal constituent body.
People prefer a written constitution to: Protect their rights and reduce arbitrary actions.
Which of the following is not a merit of an unwritten constitution? It is rigid and unsuited for emergencies.
A flexible constitution can be amended: Through the ordinary lawmaking procedure.
The constitution of which country is known as the “mother of constitutions”? Britain.
A rigid constitution is considered a safeguard against: Hasty and ill-considered changes.
Customs and conventions are a feature of: Only unwritten constitutions.
The method of amending the constitution by popular vote is found in: Switzerland.
A constitution which provides for a rigid distribution of powers between the Centre and its units is: A written constitution.
A constitutional government means: A government limited by the terms of the constitution.
Constitutionalism includes: Limited Government, Supremacy of Law, and Division of Powers.
The origin of constitutional governments can be traced back to: Ancient Greek times.
Which philosopher made contributions to the development of constitutionalism? Aristotle.
The main contribution of the Romans to constitutional rule was: The principle that people are the source of laws.
Which medieval movement contributed to the growth of constitutional government? The Councillor Movement.
Constitutionalism suffered a setback due to: The Renaissance Movement.
Britain achieved constitutional government by the end of the: Eighteenth century.
A prerequisite of a constitutional government is: Desire for liberty combined with limitation of authority.
A constitution is a fundamental statement of laws governing: Citizens’ political rights, institutions, and relationships within a political community.
Supremacy of Constitution is an essential feature of: A federal system.
Constitutionalism can flourish when there is a culture of: Law and respect for rights.
A constitution protects citizens’ rights by: Establishing a framework for government and limiting its powers.
The rule and procedures concerning relationships among structures of Government and their powers and functions define: A constitution.
A constitution is a primary source of constitutional law and serves as a guide for: Courts interpreting rules.
The ordering of political processes and institutions based on a document that embodies basic political norms defines: A constitution.
Constitutional governments can thrive when there is: A commitment to democratic values and the rule of law.
The system where each branch of government exercises control over the other branches is called: Checks and balances.
The U.S. Constitution established a system of government with three separate branches: Executive, Legislative, and Judicial.
The principle of separation of powers aims to prevent: Concentration of power in a single authority.
The term “bicameral legislature” refers to: A legislature with two separate chambers or houses.
The lower house of the United States Congress is called: The House of Representatives.
The upper house of the United States Congress is called: The Senate.
The Indian Parliament consists of two houses: Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha.
The head of state in a parliamentary system is typically: A ceremonial figurehead.
The leader of the majority party in a parliamentary system usually becomes: The Prime Minister.
A vote of no confidence in a parliamentary system can lead to: The fall of the government.
The presidential system and the parliamentary system are two models of: Democratic government.
The president’s veto power is a feature of: Presidential systems.
The process of redrawing electoral district boundaries is known as: Gerrymandering.
A type of electoral system where voters can vote for individual candidates rather than parties is called: First-past-the-post.
Proportional representation aims to allocate seats in a legislative body based on: The percentage of votes a political party receives.
The “winner-takes-all” principle is associated with: First-past-the-post electoral systems.
A system in which citizens can propose and vote on laws through a direct public vote is known as: Direct democracy.
A referendum is a vote in which the entire electorate is asked to: Approve or reject a particular proposal.
Initiative and referendum are mechanisms of: Direct democracy.
An advantage of representative democracy is: Practicality for large and diverse populations.
Direct democracy works best in: Small communities or organizations.
Universal suffrage refers to: The right of all eligible citizens to vote.
The concept that each citizen’s vote carries equal weight is known as: Political equality.
The term “political socialization” refers to: The process by which individuals acquire their political beliefs and values.
Civil liberties are: Fundamental individual rights protected by law from unjust governmental interference.
Freedom of speech is a fundamental right that allows individuals to: Express their opinions without censorship or restraint.
The principle of “rule of law” means that: Everyone, including government officials, is subject to the law.
The protection against double jeopardy ensures that: An individual cannot be tried twice for the same offense.
Habeas corpus safeguards against: Unlawful and indefinite detention.
The right to remain silent to avoid self-incrimination is part of: Miranda rights.
The right to a fair and speedy trial is guaranteed by: The Sixth Amendment.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by: The United Nations General Assembly.
The European Convention on Human Rights provides a framework for: Protecting human rights in Europe.
The term “positive discrimination” refers to: Measures to address historical inequalities and promote equal opportunity.
The process of granting citizenship to someone not born in a country is called: Naturalization.
Political ideology refers to a cohesive set of beliefs: About the role and scope of government in society.
Conservatism emphasizes: Tradition, order, and limited government intervention.
Liberalism emphasizes: Individual rights, equality, and government protection of civil liberties.
Socialism advocates for: Collective ownership of the means of production and wealth distribution.
Communism envisions a society with: Common ownership of all resources and the absence of social classes.
Fascism is characterized by: Authoritarianism, nationalism, and suppression of dissent.
An economic system based on private ownership and competition is known as: Capitalism.
An economic system with central government control and collective ownership is known as: Socialism.
The economic theory advocating for minimal government intervention is: Laissez-faire capitalism.
The concept of “invisible hand” is associated with: Adam Smith’s theory of capitalism.
The economic theory that the government should manage demand to avoid economic fluctuations is: Keynesianism.
“Supply and demand” is a fundamental principle in: Market economies.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures: The total value of goods and services produced in a country.
Inflation is the sustained increase in: The general price level of goods and services.
The unemployment rate indicates: The percentage of the labor force without a job and actively seeking employment.
A progressive tax system charges higher tax rates to: Higher income earners.
The regressive tax system imposes a higher burden on: Lower income individuals.
The economic theory that advocates for government spending to stimulate economic growth is known as: Keynesian economics.
The government’s use of taxation and public spending to influence the economy is known as: Fiscal policy.
The tool used by central banks to control the money supply and interest rates is: Monetary policy.
The organization responsible for regulating international trade and resolving trade disputes is: World Trade Organization (WTO).
An embargo is a trade restriction that involves: Prohibiting trade with a specific country.
The economic principle that a country should specialize in producing goods it can produce most efficiently is: Comparative advantage.
The exchange of goods and services between countries without trade barriers is called: Free trade.
The economic theory that a nation’s wealth depends on its accumulation of precious metals is: Mercantilism.
The economic system where the government owns and controls major industries is: Command economy.
The term “capital” in economics refers to: Resources used to produce goods and services.
Human capital refers to: The skills, knowledge, and abilities of people.
The circular flow model of the economy illustrates: The flow of goods, services, and money between households and businesses.
The total value of all final goods and services produced within a country’s borders is: Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures: The average change in the prices paid by urban consumers for a basket of goods and services.
The economic measure that considers the standard of living and well-being of a population is: Gross National Happiness (GNH).
The “tragedy of the commons” refers to: The depletion of shared resources due to individual self-interest.
Externalities in economics refer to: The unintended side effects of economic activity on third parties.
The study of how people make decisions in situations where resources are scarce is: Economics.
The concept of “opportunity cost” refers to: The value of the next best alternative that must be foregone.
“Demand” in economics refers to: The quantity of a good or service consumers are willing and able to buy at various prices.
“Supply” in economics refers to: The quantity of a good or service producers are willing to offer at various prices.
Equilibrium price in a market occurs when: Demand equals supply, resulting in no shortage or surplus.
Price elasticity of demand measures: How responsive the quantity demanded of a good is to changes in its price.
The law of diminishing marginal utility states that: As consumption of a good increases, the additional satisfaction decreases.
A monopolistic market structure is characterized by: A single seller with significant control over pricing.
Perfect competition is a market structure characterized by: Many sellers offering identical products, with no control over pricing.
Oligopoly is a market structure dominated by: A small number of large firms that can influence prices.
Monopolistic competition is a market structure with: Many sellers offering differentiated products and some control over pricing.
The “invisible hand” concept suggests that: Self-interested behavior can lead to positive outcomes in a market economy.
Public goods are characterized by: Non-excludability and non-rivalry in consumption.
The tragedy of the commons can be mitigated by: Government regulation or privatization of shared resources.
“Rent-seeking” behavior refers to: Seeking to increase one’s wealth without creating new value.
The economic term for a situation where unlimited wants exceed limited resources is: Scarcity.
The production possibility frontier represents: The maximum combination of goods an economy can produce with its available resources.
The study of how individuals and societies allocate limited resources to satisfy their unlimited wants is: Economics.
The concept of “ceteris paribus” means: Holding all other factors constant when analyzing a relationship.
Economic growth is measured by: The increase in a country’s output of goods and services over time.
The business cycle represents: Fluctuations in economic activity, including periods of expansion and contraction.
