The ground state is the lowest energy state of an atom, while excited states have higher energy.
Absorption and emission spectra are used to identify the elements present in a sample.
Electromagnetic radiation is emitted when electrons transition from higher energy levels to lower energy levels.
The principal quantum number (n) specifies the energy level of an electron.
The angular momentum quantum number (l) determines the shape of an orbital.
The magnetic quantum number (m_l) specifies the orientation of an orbital in space.
The spin quantum number (m_s) describes the spin direction of an electron.
Quantum mechanics is the branch of physics that describes the behavior of particles at the atomic and subatomic scale.
The Schrödinger equation is a fundamental equation in quantum mechanics that describes the wave-like behavior of particles.
Wave functions are used to describe the probability distribution of finding a particle in a particular state.
The probability of finding an electron in a specific region of space is given by the square of the wave function, known as the electron density.
Quantum mechanics provides a probabilistic description of particles, unlike classical mechanics which provides deterministic predictions.
The uncertainty principle, proposed by Werner Heisenberg, states that the position and momentum of a particle cannot be simultaneously known with high precision.
The wave-particle duality of light and matter is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics, meaning that particles like electrons can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behavior.
The double-slit experiment demonstrates the wave-like behavior of particles and the role of observation in collapsing the wave function.
Superposition is the principle that states a particle can exist in multiple states simultaneously until observed.
The concept of entanglement in quantum mechanics suggests that particles can become correlated in such a way that the state of one particle instantaneously affects the state of another, even at a distance.
Quantum tunneling is a phenomenon where particles can pass through energy barriers that classical physics would predict as impassable.
Quantum mechanics has led to the development of many technologies, including lasers, transistors, and quantum computers.
The Schrödinger equation is a fundamental equation in quantum mechanics that describes the behavior of particles at the atomic and subatomic scale.
Wave functions are used to describe the probability distribution of finding a particle in a particular state.
The uncertainty principle, proposed by Werner Heisenberg, states that the position and momentum of a particle cannot be simultaneously known with high precision.
The wave-particle duality of light and matter is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics, meaning that particles like electrons can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behavior.
The double-slit experiment demonstrates the wave-like behavior of particles and the role of observation in collapsing the wave function.
Superposition is the principle that states a particle can exist in multiple states simultaneously until observed.
The concept of entanglement in quantum mechanics suggests that particles can become correlated in such a way that the state of one particle instantaneously affects the state of another, even at a distance.
Quantum tunneling is a phenomenon where particles can pass through energy barriers that classical physics would predict as impassable.
Quantum mechanics has led to the development of many technologies, including lasers, transistors, and quantum computers.
The Schrödinger equation is a fundamental equation in quantum mechanics that describes the behavior of particles at the atomic and subatomic scale.
Wave functions are used to describe the probability distribution of finding a particle in a particular state.
The uncertainty principle, proposed by Werner Heisenberg, states that the position and momentum of a particle cannot be simultaneously known with high precision.
The wave-particle duality of light and matter is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics, meaning that particles like electrons can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behavior.
The double-slit experiment demonstrates the wave-like behavior of particles and the role of observation in collapsing the wave function.
Superposition is the principle that states a particle can exist in multiple states simultaneously until observed.
The concept of entanglement in quantum mechanics suggests that particles can become correlated in such a way that the state of one particle instantaneously affects the state of another, even at a distance.
Quantum tunneling is a phenomenon where particles can pass through energy barriers that classical physics would predict as impassable.
Quantum mechanics has led to the development of many technologies, including lasers, transistors, and quantum computers.
The Schrödinger equation is a fundamental equation in quantum mechanics that describes the behavior of particles at the atomic and subatomic scale.
Wave functions are used to describe the probability distribution of finding a particle in a particular state.
The uncertainty principle, proposed by Werner Heisenberg, states that the position and momentum of a particle cannot be simultaneously known with high precision.
The wave-particle duality of light and matter is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics, meaning that particles like electrons can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behavior.
The double-slit experiment demonstrates the wave-like behavior of particles and the role of observation in collapsing the wave function.
Superposition is the principle that states a particle can exist in multiple states simultaneously until observed.
The concept of entanglement in quantum mechanics suggests that particles can become correlated in such a way that the state of one particle instantaneously affects the state of another, even at a distance.
Quantum tunneling is a phenomenon where particles can pass through energy barriers that classical physics would predict as impassable.
Quantum mechanics has led to the development of many technologies, including lasers, transistors, and quantum computers
